Discussed with Support and found that the issue was that something on SCCM side altered the source data for LDSD's target key attribute. For us, the key attribute was Machine ID and the conflict was with the Title attribute. Although this was different than the key attribute, the tech said there may be some sort of check to prevent issues and that since the Machine ID was not matching up to what was previously there, it was failing to update.
Resolved by changing the target key attribute to the computer name rather than the Machine ID.